Study Highlights
- Quitting smokeless tobacco after a heart attack extends life expectancy similar to quitting smoking.
- Study participants who stopped using the Swedish form of snuff after a heart attack reduced their risk of dying by nearly 50 percent.
Embargoed until 3 p.m. CT / 4 p.m. ET Monday, June 23, 2014
(NewMediaWire) - June 23, 2014 - DALLAS, June 23, 2014 - People who stop using smokeless tobacco after a heart attack may extend their life expectancy similar to people who stop smoking, according to new research in the American Heart Association journal Circulation.
“We didn’t expect to see such a strong association among those people who stopped using (smokeless tobacco),” said Gabriel Arefalk, M.D., lead researcher and cardiologist at Uppsala University Hospital in Uppsala, Sweden. “After a heart attack, no doubt smoking cessation reduces the risk of death approximately one third and is really a cornerstone of cardiac rehabilitation worldwide. For smokeless tobacco, we did not know.”
This may be the first study to examine the impact of smokeless tobacco on death in heart attack survivors.
Researchers analyzed the effect of quitting the use of snus, a moist Swedish smokeless powder tobacco kept under the upper lip. It’s a variant of snuff, but doesn’t need to be spit out.
They reviewed data on heart attack survivors younger than 75 in Sweden in 2005-09 and identified 2,474 snus users. Of those, 675 quit using snus. During two years of follow-up, 14 snus-quitters died and 69 of those who continued using snus died. In a mathematical analysis estimating the number of people who die in 1,000 years, researchers determined that the death rate was 9.7 per 1,000 person-years at risk for snus quitters and 18.7 for snus users.
After considering factors like age, gender, other tobacco use, occupation and participation in a cardiac rehabilitation program, researchers said those who stopped using snus had nearly half the mortality risk, similar to the benefit observed with smoking cessation.
Although the study focused on snus, Arefalk said nicotine levels are comparable to levels in snuff.
Snuff use is increasing worldwide. In the largest market, the United States, about 1.7 billion cans are consumed each year. The largest concentration of a population (prevalence) using snuff is in Sweden, where 20 percent of men and 3 percent of women use snus daily.
Co-authors are Kristina Hambraeus, M.D.; Lars Lind, M.D., Ph.D.; Karl Michaelsson, M.D., Ph.D.; Bertil Lindahl, M.D., Ph.D.; and Johan Sundstrom, M.D., Ph.D.
The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Swedish Research Council and Swedish Geriatric Fund supported this study.
Additional Resources:
- Smokeless tobacco products not a safe option, won't help won’t help smokers quit
- Smokeless Tobacco and CVD
- Photo available on the right column of the release link.
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- For updates and new science from the Circulation journal, follow @CircAHA.
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